摘要
“错误出生”（wrongful birth）是美国法上的概念，又译作“不当出生”，指因医师产前诊断失误，致孕妇产下残疾子女。1本文结合不同法系国家或地区的相关典型案例，对“错误出生”的法律判定依据、损害赔偿范围及主体进行了详细的分析、归纳与总结，并在此基础上提出了一点个人粗浅的看法和建议。
第一章概述了“错误出生”的概念，并简要介绍了相关的案例或判例。
第二章着重阐明和分析了“错误出生”的法律判定依据。本文选取了两个典型案例，一个是以侵权行为起诉的美国的“产前检查瑕疵”案，一个是以契约责任起诉的我国台湾地区的“唐氏症儿”案，并对他们的损害赔偿的法律依据作了详细的解读。不同法系国家或地区有不同的法律判定依据，“产前检查瑕疵”案便是根据注意义务的存在、注意义务的违反以及因果关系来做的综合判定；而“唐氏症儿”案则遵循我国台湾地区的法律规定，以契约责任保护受害者的合法权益。文章通过比较侵权责任和契约责任起诉的不同情形，得出在我国现行的法律框架下以侵权责任起诉，更符合法律上的公平、正义原则，更能保护受害者的权益。
第三章通过案例分析，界定了“错误出生”的损害赔偿的范围和主体。笔者采取了列举式的分析模式，分别阐明了原告可以请求的损害赔偿范围问题以及可提起诉讼的主体。笔者认为在现行民法制度下，为使受害者的合法权益真正获得法律上的救济和保护，必须要从立法上或者司法实践上明确“错误出生”的法律判定依据，明确损害赔偿的范围及主体问题。
关键词:“错误出生”，注意义务，侵权责任，损害赔偿
ABSTRACT
“Wrongful birth”is a notion of the common law.“Wrongful birth”means that if the disabled fetus or infant who suffers serious disease is borndue to the doctor’s negligence,the parents have the right to apply forcompensation.The article analyzes and concludes the basis to prosecute,therange of damage compensation and the subject,then gives some personalideas and suggestions.
This paper begins with the explanation of“wrongful birth”,andintroduces some related cases.
In the second chapter,it clarifies and analyzes the legal basis toprosecute by two typical legal cases and gives a detailed investigation on thelegal basis ofcompensation.As to tort and breaching the contract,differentcountries or areas have different settlements.In common law,the court reaches the agreement by three legal elements:the duty of care,the breachof duty and the causation.And in Taiwan district,the court judges the casesby breaching the contract.By analyzing the differences,this chapterconcludes that the tort liability can protect the rights and interests of theplaintiff effectively.
In the third chapter,by analyzing the cases and listing damage,itspecifies compensation range and subject.In order to relieve and protect thelawful rights and the interests of the plaintiff,it is necessary to identify thelegal basis for judging“wrongful birth”,compensation range andprosecuting subject.
KEY WORDS:“wrongful birth”,duty for rule,tort liability,compensation for damage
目录
引言...................................................................................................................................1
第一章“错误出生”的基本概念及相关案例介绍.....................................................2
第一节“错误出生”的概念界定................................................................................2
第二节“错误出生”的相关案例及判决..................................................................3
第二章“错误出生”的法律判定依据.......................................................................6
第一节契约责任............................................................................................................6
一、我国台湾地区关于“错误出生”的法律判定..................................................6
二、相关法律实务......................................................................................................7
第二节侵权责任..........................................................................................................7
一、英美侵权法中关于“错误出生”的法律判定..................................................7
