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摘要
      近年来，自主技术标准缺乏的负面影响日益凸现，已影响到我国的产业竞争力乃至产业安全。随着技术标准与技术专利的日益融合，在专利技术基础上创立技术标准，进而引导产业发展，谋求超额利润己成为发达国家和领先企业的竞争利器。在传统意义上，技术专利和技术标准是相对独立的。但是，随着技术进步的加速，技术标准己经突破了原来的技术规范的范畴，向吸纳专利技术的方向发展。技术专利与技术标准的日益融合，正深刻改变产业竞争的规则，技术标准为产品的市场准入限定了条件，而技术专利可以借此实现更大利益，这一变化给处于产业低端的发展中国家带来很大的压力。中国企业虽然在政府
支持下创立了一批技术标准，但在创立过程中暴露出很多问题和困难，因而探寻符合现阶段实际情境的，我国企业创立自主技术标准的有效途径就日益紧迫与重要。
      本文以国内外学者对技术标准的研究成果为理论基础，以对国内成功创立自主技术标准的企业进行的大量实地调研为实证基础，采用以实证研究为主的研究方法，并与规范研究相结合。本文首先对技术标准的概念及分类进行界定，分析了私有协议的特征及危害;然后，在对现有文献检索与查阅的基础上，从技术标准与技术创新之间的关系，技术标准的竞争特点，技术标准的产业化特点三个方面对国内外相关研究进行了回顾与评析，并且对标准研究的方法，通过文献统计进行了简要总结:之后，通过自主技术标准成功创立的案例研究，结合中国具体情境，提炼出中国自主技术标准创立的两个有效模式;最终，在分析自主技术标准创立失败案例的基础上，总结两个创立模式的适用条件。
      通过以上研究，本文得出如下结论:1.技术标准的形成过程中存在着“大国效应”，发展中大国在标准创立过程中具有后发优势，巨大的内部市场为标准创立提供了切入点，为后续的推广提供了强势的安装基础，创立标准应重视和利用“大国效应”;2.技术非连续性发展情境下，发展中国家具有技术跨越式发展的机会，进而实现标准创立切入，同时注意标准的创立时机具有一定的滞后性，应采用技术推广先行，推广情况较好的条件下，进行标准创立延续，形成一种“技术推广先行—标准创立延续”的战略思想。
关键词:技术标准;自主标准;大国效应;技术非连续性发展
Abstract
      In recent years, the negative effects of the shortage of homegrown standards on economic development and industrial security have become more and more obvious in China. Along With technical standards melting with technical patents, technical standards establishment based on technical patents start to lead the industry development, which has become the competition edge tool of developed country and leading company. In the traditional view, technical patents and technical standards are independent with each other. However, with the accelerating of technology development, technical standards have broken through technology normative category, and started to adopt technical patents. The amalgamation of technical standards and technical patents is deeply altering the industry competitive regulation. Technical  standards restrict the entrance of manufactures to the market, and then technical patents can make more profits. Those changes have brought lots of pressure to Chinese corporations which are situated in the low end market. Although with the help of government, Chinese corporations have established a set of technical standards, there are many problems in the process of establishment. Therefore, it is urgent to seek a new development path of technical standards establishment for Chinese enterprises.
      Based on magnitude of references about technical standards from home and abroad, case study of home corporations which have successfully established homegrown standards, this paper aims at studying the establishment path of technical standards with the normative study and empirical study. Firstly, this paper classifies the conception of technical standard, and analyses the characters and negative effects of proprietary protocol. Secondly, three aspects of home and abroad research have been reviewed and summarized. Thirdly, two effective modes of technical standards establishment have been summarized. Finally, the establishment modes' applicable conditions are summarized through analyzing the failing standards establishment cases.
      Through the above research, this paper draws two conclusions. First, there exists a large country effect in the process of technical standards establishment. Large developing countries have advantages of backwardness in the establishment process of technical standards, and the domestic markets of large developing countries provide breakthrough point for the standards establishment and sufficient installed base for subsequent spread. Therefore; it will be necessary to pay attention to large country effect and utilize it while creating homegrown standards. Second, developing countries have an opportunity of technology leap-development in the industry of discontinuous technological development, and then get the chance of standards establishment. At the same time, under the condition of discontinuous technological development, the timing of standards establishment has a hysteresis. It is effective to adopt a standards establishment path, which is