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摘要
      在经济全球一体化的带动下，国际间的竞争日趋激烈，科技的竞争力成为一个国家的竞争实力和可持续发展的决定因素。高等学校作为科技知识产出的摇篮，是知识创新、知识传播、技术创新和高层次人才培养的基地。随着社会经济体制的转型，使得大学直接面对市场竞争。大学在“科研强校”和“服务地方”双重驱动下，科学研究职能得到了强化。但是，高等教育逐步的大众化、国际化进程的加快，大学间的竞争更趋激烈。国内许多大学由于办学基础、成长背景、战略选择、环境的不同，其科研能力和科技发展存在很大差异。大学正面临科技资源短缺的“瓶颈”约束和市场多样化需求的“倒逼”压力，要在竞争中谋支持、求发展，争取竞争优势，就必须提升自身的科技竞争力。
      构建大学科技竞争力的评价体系对提高大学科研水平，管理体制，人才培养，提升大学综合竞争实力等方面具有重要的意义。由于目前我国还没有比较系统的评价大学科技竞争力的定性与量化结合的评价指标体系，所以本文在进行了大量的系统分析和比较研究后，参考清华大学科学评价中心的《中国高校科技创新竞争力评价报告》建立了一套针对大学科技竞争力的综合评价指标体系。本文从大学科技发展的现实出发，结合我国大学科技发展的特点构建大学科技竞争力的评价体系，并从科技投入包括人员的投入、R&D基地数量、科研项目的数量、经费的投入，科技产出包括成果应用、论文著作、获奖，科技效益包括技术转让、产业化四个层面归纳出二十三个指标。
      运用调查研究与比较分析相结合的方法对竞争力的影响因素进行分析。本文的创新之处在于从教育部直属的六十四所高等学校采集的最新的原始数据，按照数学的方法进行无量纲化和标准化，再将得到的无差异标准值通过SPSS软件进行因子分析，对构建大学科技竞争力的评价函数进一步进行较为准确的定位和较为客观的评价。在评价结果的分析基础上，找出影响大学科技竞争力提高的主要问题，并针对这些问题提出了相关建议。为大学今后科技工作的开展提供了参考依据。
关键词:大学;科技竞争力;评价体系;因子分析
Abstract
      Boosted by economic globalization, international competition is becoming more drastic, scientific and technological competitiveness becomes a determining factor of country's competitiveness and sustainable development. Universities as the cradle of science  and  technology  output  is  the  knowledge  innovation,  knowledge communication, technical innovation and high-level personnel training base. With the transformation of economic and social systems, universities are directly faced with fiercely market competition. Universities are under double drive of "science research enhancing universities" and "serving the local economic and social development", scientific research function has been enhanced. However, as the higher education's popularization gradually, the internationalization of the accelerated process, the competition among universities is more furious. In our country many universities as result of their managing foundation, background, the strategic choice, different
regional environment have vary diversity of research and development of science and technology. University is facing a shortage of science and technology resources "bottleneck" constraints and the press of market's diversi尔ng demands, it is necessary to enhance their competitiveness in science and technology in order to be supported, development and to have the advantage of competition.
      To build university's science and technology competitive evaluation system to raise the level of scientific research, management system, personnel training and to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of universities has great significance. Presently, as our country has not systematically evaluate the university's science and technology competitiveness evaluation index  system combined qualitative  and quantitative, so after a great deal of researching and comparative analyzing in this paper and referring to the scientific evaluation of the Center of Tsinghua University" Science  and  Technology  Innovation  Competitiveness  of Chinese  Universities Evaluation Report "to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for science  and  technology  competitiveness  of  university. 'This  article  from  the university's reality of the  development  of science  and technology,  with  the development characteristics of our universities of science and technology to build the university's competitiveness of science and technology evaluation system, and from the scientific and technological input including personnel, R&D base quantity, the number of research projects, funds inputs; science and technology output including the outcome to be applied, academic papers, the award-winning; science and technology benefit including technology transfer and industrialization, with four levels totally 23 indicators.